DNA-Based Technologies for Grapevine Biodiversity Exploitation: State of the Art and Future Perspectives

The cultivated grapevine, Vitis vinifera subsp. L., is represented by an enormous population of varieties and clones. They arise from the accumulation gametic somatic mutations during centuries sexual asexual propagation. These represent a vast reservoir traits/alleles that could be useful in improving berry quality as well against environmental stresses. However, most them are still unexploited. For this reason, efficient characterization system essential to define varietal identity, avoid cases synonymy (identical genotypes but different names) homonymy (same names genotypes) deepen our understanding existing diversity within grape germplasm. plethora DNA-based high-throughput technologies currently available provides promising tools for analysis diversity, overcoming many limitations phenotypic-based analyses. intra-varietal remains challenging. In scenario, after summarizing causes consequences grapevine genetic inter- we review used genotyping, emphasizing those able distinguish clones variety. This update on explore knowledge which necessary exploitation conservation